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John Searle
: The assertion fallacy ... is the fallacy of confusing the conditions for the performance of the speech act of assertion with the analysis of the meaning of particular words occurring in certain assertions.
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John Searle quote-The assertion fallacy ... is the fallacy of confusing the conditions for the...
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Alfred Korzybski :
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Any proposition containing the word "is" creates a linguistical structural confusion which will eventually give birth to serious fallacies.
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Alfred Korzybski :
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Any proposition containing the word 'is' creates a linguistical structural confusion which will eventually give birth to serious fallacies.
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Hannah Arendt :
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When we were told that by freedom we understood free enterprise, we did very little to dispel this monstrous falsehood. Wealth and economic well-being, we have asserted, are the fruits of freedom, while we should have been the first to know that this kind of happiness has been an unmixed blessing only in this country, and it is a minor blessing compared with the truly political freedoms, such as freedom of speech and thought, of assembly and association, even under the best conditions.
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Napoleon Bonaparte :
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Speeches pass away, but acts remain.
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Thomas Mann :
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Speech is civilization itself. The word... preserves contact -- it is silence which isolates.
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Aprocrypha :
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Let thy speech be short, comprehending much in a few words.
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Patrick Campbell :
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From my earliest days I have enjoyed an attractive impediment in my speech. I have never permitted the use of the word stammer. I can't say it myself.
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Konstantin Stanislavisky :
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We have as many planes of speech as does a painting planes of perspective which create perspective in a phrase. The most important word stands out most vividly defined in the very foreground of the sound plane. Less important words create a series of deeper planes.
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Friedrich Nietzsche :
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For those who need consolation no means of consolation is so effective as the assertion that in their case no consolation is possible: it implies so great a degree of distinction that they at once hold up their heads again.
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Albert Einstein :
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All our thoughts and concepts are called up by sense-experiences and have a meaning only in reference to these sense-experiences. On the other hand, however, they are products of the spontaneous activity of our minds they are thus in no wise logical consequences of the contents of these sense-experiences. If, therefore, we wish to grasp the essence of a complex of abstract notions we must for the one part investigate the mutual relationships between the concepts and the assertions made about them for the other, we must investigate how they are related to the experiences.
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John Searle Wisdom feed
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John Searle:
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The student should have enough knowledge of his or her cultural tradition to know how it got to be the way it is. This involves both political and social history, on the one hand, as well as the mastery of some of the great philosophical and literary texts of the culture on the other. It involves reading not only texts that are of great value, like those of Plato, but many less valuable that have been influential, such as the works of Marx. For the United States, the dominant tradition is, and for the foreseeable future, will remain the European tradition. The United States is, after all, a product of the European Enlightenment. However, you do not understand your own tradition if you do not see it in relation to others. Works from other cultural traditions need to be studied as well.
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John Searle:
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It seems to me obvious that infants and many animals that do not in any ordinary sense have a language or perform speech acts nonetheless have Intentional states. Only someone in the grip of a philosophical theory would deny that small babies can literally be said to want milk and that dogs want to be let out or believe that their master is at the door.
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John Searle:
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The problem posed by indirect speech acts is the problem of how it is possible for the speaker to say one thing and mean that but also to mean something else.
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John Searle:
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One can imagine a computer simulation of the action of peptides in the hypothalamus that is accurate down to the last synapse. But equally one can imagine a computer simulation of the oxidation of hydrocarbons in a car engine or the action of digestive processes in a stomach when it is digesting pizza. And the simulation is no more the real thing in the case of the brain than it is in the case of the car or the stomach. Barring miracles, you could not run your car by doing a computer simulation of the oxidation of gasoline, and you could not digest pizza by running the program that simulates such digestion. It seems obvious that a simulation of cognition will similarly not produce the effects of the neurobiology of cognition.
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John Searle:
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The ascription of an unconscious intentional phenomenon to a system implies that the phenomenon is in principle accessible to consciousness.
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John Searle:
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Where conscious subjectivity is concerned, there is no distinction between the observation and the thing observed.
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John Searle:
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In the performance of an illocutionary act in the literal utterance of a sentence, the speaker intends to produce a certain effect by means of getting the hearer to recognize his intention to produce that effect; and furthermore, if he is using the words literally, he intends this recognition to be achieved in virtue of the fact that the rules for using the expressions he utters associate the expression with the production of that effect.
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John Searle:
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Whatever is referred to must exist. Let us call this the axiom of existence.
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John Searle:
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The general nature of the speech act fallacy can be stated as follows, using “good” as our example. Calling something good is characteristically praising or commending or recommending it, etc. But it is a fallacy to infer from this that the meaning of “good” is explained by saying it is used to perform the act of commendation.
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John Searle:
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The assertion fallacy ... is the fallacy of confusing the conditions for the performance of the speech act of assertion with the analysis of the meaning of particular words occurring in certain assertions.
"
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![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108338&author=John Searle"e=The+assertion+fallacy+...+is+the+fallacy+of+confusing+the+conditions+for+the+performance+of+the+speech+act+of+assertion+with+the+analysis+of+the+meaning+of+particular+words+occurring+in+certain+assertions.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=61857&author=Alfred Korzybski"e=Any+proposition+containing+the+word+%22is%22+creates+a+linguistical+structural+confusion+which+will+eventually+give+birth+to+serious+fallacies.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F12362%2FAlfred++Korzybski_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=93735&author=Alfred Korzybski"e=Any+proposition+containing+the+word+%27is%27+creates+a+linguistical+structural+confusion+which+will+eventually+give+birth+to+serious+fallacies.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F4550%2FAlfred_Korzybski_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=6395&author=Hannah Arendt"e=++When+we+were+told+that+by+freedom+we+understood+free+enterprise%2C+we+did+very+little+to+dispel+this+monstrous+falsehood.+Wealth+and+economic+well-being%2C+we+have+asserted%2C+are+the+fruits+of+freedom%2C+while+we+should+have+been+the+first+to+know+that+this+kind+of+happiness+has+been+an+unmixed+blessing+only+in+this+country%2C+and+it+is+a+minor+blessing+compared+with+the+truly+political+freedoms%2C+such+as+freedom+of+speech+and+thought%2C+of+assembly+and+association%2C+even+under+the+best+conditions.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F193%2FHannah+Arendt_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=70706&author=Napoleon Bonaparte"e=Speeches+pass+away%2C+but+acts+remain.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F815%2FNapoleon_Bonaparte_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=30239&author=Thomas Mann"e=++Speech+is+civilization+itself.+The+word...+preserves+contact+--+it+is+silence+which+isolates.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F369%2FThomas+Mann_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=60723&author=Aprocrypha"e=Let+thy+speech+be+short%2C+comprehending+much+in+a+few+words.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F10493%2FAprocrypha+_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=30221&author=Patrick Campbell"e=++From+my+earliest+days+I+have+enjoyed+an+attractive+impediment+in+my+speech.+I+have+never+permitted+the+use+of+the+word+stammer.+I+can%27t+say+it+myself.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F3309%2FPatrick+Campbell_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=30253&author=Konstantin Stanislavisky"e=++We+have+as+many+planes+of+speech+as+does+a+painting+planes+of+perspective+which+create+perspective+in+a+phrase.+The+most+important+word+stands+out+most+vividly+defined+in+the+very+foreground+of+the+sound+plane.+Less+important+words+create+a+series+of+deeper+planes.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F729%2FKonstantin+Stanislavisky_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=101604&author=Friedrich Nietzsche"e=For+those+who+need+consolation+no+means+of+consolation+is+so+effective+as+the+assertion+that+in+their+case+no+consolation+is+possible%3A+it+implies+so+great+a+degree+of+distinction+that+they+at+once+hold+up+their+heads+again.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F21%2FFriedrich+Wilhelm_Nietzsche_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=50419&author=Albert Einstein"e=All+our+thoughts+and+concepts+are+called+up+by+sense-experiences+and+have+a+meaning+only+in+reference+to+these+sense-experiences.+On+the+other+hand%2C+however%2C+they+are+products+of+the+spontaneous+activity+of+our+minds+they+are+thus+in+no+wise+logical+consequences+of+the+contents+of+these+sense-experiences.+If%2C+therefore%2C+we+wish+to+grasp+the+essence+of+a+complex+of+abstract+notions+we+must+for+the+one+part+investigate+the+mutual+relationships+between+the+concepts+and+the+assertions+made+about+them+for+the+other%2C+we+must+investigate+how+they+are+related+to+the+experiences.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F162%2FAlbert_Einstein_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108346&author=John Searle"e=The+student+should+have+enough+knowledge+of+his+or+her+cultural+tradition+to+know+how+it+got+to+be+the+way+it+is.+This+involves+both+political+and+social+history%2C+on+the+one+hand%2C+as+well+as+the+mastery+of+some+of+the+great+philosophical+and+literary+texts+of+the+culture+on+the+other.+It+involves+reading+not+only+texts+that+are+of+great+value%2C+like+those+of+Plato%2C+but+many+less+valuable+that+have+been+influential%2C+such+as+the+works+of+Marx.+For+the+United+States%2C+the+dominant+tradition+is%2C+and+for+the+foreseeable+future%2C+will+remain+the+European+tradition.+The+United+States+is%2C+after+all%2C+a+product+of+the+European+Enlightenment.+However%2C+you+do+not+understand+your+own+tradition+if+you+do+not+see+it+in+relation+to+others.+Works+from+other+cultural+traditions+need+to+be+studied+as+well.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108341&author=John Searle"e=It+seems+to+me+obvious+that+infants+and+many+animals+that+do+not+in+any+ordinary+sense+have+a+language+or+perform+speech+acts+nonetheless+have+Intentional+states.+Only+someone+in+the+grip+of+a+philosophical+theory+would+deny+that+small+babies+can+literally+be+said+to+want+milk+and+that+dogs+want+to+be+let+out+or+believe+that+their+master+is+at+the+door.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108331&author=John Searle"e=The+problem+posed+by+indirect+speech+acts+is+the+problem+of+how+it+is+possible+for+the+speaker+to+say+one+thing+and+mean+that+but+also+to+mean+something+else.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108332&author=John Searle"e=One+can+imagine+a+computer+simulation+of+the+action+of+peptides+in+the+hypothalamus+that+is+accurate+down+to+the+last+synapse.+But+equally+one+can+imagine+a+computer+simulation+of+the+oxidation+of+hydrocarbons+in+a+car+engine+or+the+action+of+digestive+processes+in+a+stomach+when+it+is+digesting+pizza.+And+the+simulation+is+no+more+the+real+thing+in+the+case+of+the+brain+than+it+is+in+the+case+of+the+car+or+the+stomach.+Barring+miracles%2C+you+could+not+run+your+car+by+doing+a+computer+simulation+of+the+oxidation+of+gasoline%2C+and+you+could+not+digest+pizza+by+running+the+program+that+simulates+such+digestion.+It+seems+obvious+that+a+simulation+of+cognition+will+similarly+not+produce+the+effects+of+the+neurobiology+of+cognition.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108333&author=John Searle"e=The+ascription+of+an+unconscious+intentional+phenomenon+to+a+system+implies+that+the+phenomenon+is+in+principle+accessible+to+consciousness.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108334&author=John Searle"e=Where+conscious+subjectivity+is+concerned%2C+there+is+no+distinction+between+the+observation+and+the+thing+observed.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108335&author=John Searle"e=In+the+performance+of+an+illocutionary+act+in+the+literal+utterance+of+a+sentence%2C+the+speaker+intends+to+produce+a+certain+effect+by+means+of+getting+the+hearer+to+recognize+his+intention+to+produce+that+effect%3B+and+furthermore%2C+if+he+is+using+the+words+literally%2C+he+intends+this+recognition+to+be+achieved+in+virtue+of+the+fact+that+the+rules+for+using+the+expressions+he+utters+associate+the+expression+with+the+production+of+that+effect.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108336&author=John Searle"e=Whatever+is+referred+to+must+exist.+Let+us+call+this+the+axiom+of+existence.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108337&author=John Searle"e=The+general+nature+of+the+speech+act+fallacy+can+be+stated+as+follows%2C+using+%E2%80%9Cgood%E2%80%9D+as+our+example.+Calling+something+good+is+characteristically+praising+or+commending+or+recommending+it%2C+etc.+But+it+is+a+fallacy+to+infer+from+this+that+the+meaning+of+%E2%80%9Cgood%E2%80%9D+is+explained+by+saying+it+is+used+to+perform+the+act+of+commendation.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}