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Skepticism
John Searle
: The problem posed by indirect speech acts is the problem of how it is possible for the speaker to say one thing and mean that but also to mean something else.
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John Searle quote-The problem posed by indirect speech acts is the problem of how it...
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John Searle :
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In the performance of an illocutionary act in the literal utterance of a sentence, the speaker intends to produce a certain effect by means of getting the hearer to recognize his intention to produce that effect; and furthermore, if he is using the words literally, he intends this recognition to be achieved in virtue of the fact that the rules for using the expressions he utters associate the expression with the production of that effect.
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Oscar Wilde :
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Being natural is simply a pose.
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Oscar Wilde :
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To be natural is such a very difficult pose to keep up.
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Quentin Crisp :
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Posing was the first job I did in which I understood what I was doing.
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Fanny Brice :
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Let the world know you as you are, not as you think you should be, because sooner or later, if you are posing, you will forget the pose, and then where are you?
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Marilyn Monroe :
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People ask me if I am going on making cheesecake pictures now that I'm a star. My answer is that as long as there is a boy in Korea who wants a pinup of me, I'll go on posing for them.
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Thomas Carlyle :
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Skepticism means, not intellectual doubt alone, but moral doubt.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson :
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There is this benefit in brag, that the speaker is unconsciously expressing his own ideal. Humor him by all means; draw it all out, and hold him to it.
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Robert Frost :
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Skepticism, is that anything more than we used to mean when we said, Well, what have we here?
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Carl Edward Sagan :
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Skeptical scrutiny is the means, in both science and religion, by which deep insights can be winnowed from deep nonsense.
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John Searle Wisdom feed
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John Searle:
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The student should have enough knowledge of his or her cultural tradition to know how it got to be the way it is. This involves both political and social history, on the one hand, as well as the mastery of some of the great philosophical and literary texts of the culture on the other. It involves reading not only texts that are of great value, like those of Plato, but many less valuable that have been influential, such as the works of Marx. For the United States, the dominant tradition is, and for the foreseeable future, will remain the European tradition. The United States is, after all, a product of the European Enlightenment. However, you do not understand your own tradition if you do not see it in relation to others. Works from other cultural traditions need to be studied as well.
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John Searle:
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It seems to me obvious that infants and many animals that do not in any ordinary sense have a language or perform speech acts nonetheless have Intentional states. Only someone in the grip of a philosophical theory would deny that small babies can literally be said to want milk and that dogs want to be let out or believe that their master is at the door.
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John Searle:
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The problem posed by indirect speech acts is the problem of how it is possible for the speaker to say one thing and mean that but also to mean something else.
"
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John Searle:
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One can imagine a computer simulation of the action of peptides in the hypothalamus that is accurate down to the last synapse. But equally one can imagine a computer simulation of the oxidation of hydrocarbons in a car engine or the action of digestive processes in a stomach when it is digesting pizza. And the simulation is no more the real thing in the case of the brain than it is in the case of the car or the stomach. Barring miracles, you could not run your car by doing a computer simulation of the oxidation of gasoline, and you could not digest pizza by running the program that simulates such digestion. It seems obvious that a simulation of cognition will similarly not produce the effects of the neurobiology of cognition.
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John Searle:
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The ascription of an unconscious intentional phenomenon to a system implies that the phenomenon is in principle accessible to consciousness.
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John Searle:
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Where conscious subjectivity is concerned, there is no distinction between the observation and the thing observed.
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John Searle:
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In the performance of an illocutionary act in the literal utterance of a sentence, the speaker intends to produce a certain effect by means of getting the hearer to recognize his intention to produce that effect; and furthermore, if he is using the words literally, he intends this recognition to be achieved in virtue of the fact that the rules for using the expressions he utters associate the expression with the production of that effect.
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John Searle:
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Whatever is referred to must exist. Let us call this the axiom of existence.
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John Searle:
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The general nature of the speech act fallacy can be stated as follows, using “good” as our example. Calling something good is characteristically praising or commending or recommending it, etc. But it is a fallacy to infer from this that the meaning of “good” is explained by saying it is used to perform the act of commendation.
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John Searle:
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The assertion fallacy ... is the fallacy of confusing the conditions for the performance of the speech act of assertion with the analysis of the meaning of particular words occurring in certain assertions.
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![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108331&author=John Searle"e=The+problem+posed+by+indirect+speech+acts+is+the+problem+of+how+it+is+possible+for+the+speaker+to+say+one+thing+and+mean+that+but+also+to+mean+something+else.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108335&author=John Searle"e=In+the+performance+of+an+illocutionary+act+in+the+literal+utterance+of+a+sentence%2C+the+speaker+intends+to+produce+a+certain+effect+by+means+of+getting+the+hearer+to+recognize+his+intention+to+produce+that+effect%3B+and+furthermore%2C+if+he+is+using+the+words+literally%2C+he+intends+this+recognition+to+be+achieved+in+virtue+of+the+fact+that+the+rules+for+using+the+expressions+he+utters+associate+the+expression+with+the+production+of+that+effect.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=60620&author=Oscar Wilde"e=Being+natural+is+simply+a+pose.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F11243%2FOscar++Wilde_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=64634&author=Oscar Wilde"e=To+be+natural+is+such+a+very+difficult+pose+to+keep+up.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F11243%2FOscar++Wilde_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=77975&author=Quentin Crisp"e=Posing+was+the+first+job+I+did+in+which+I+understood+what+I+was+doing.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F320%2FQuentin_Crisp_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=409&author=Fanny Brice"e=++Let+the+world+know+you+as+you+are%2C+not+as+you+think+you+should+be%2C+because+sooner+or+later%2C+if+you+are+posing%2C+you+will+forget+the+pose%2C+and+then+where+are+you%3F&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F1378%2FFanny_Brice_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=100029&author=Marilyn Monroe"e=People+ask+me+if+I+am+going+on+making+cheesecake+pictures+now+that+I%27m+a+star.+My+answer+is+that+as+long+as+there+is+a+boy+in+Korea+who+wants+a+pinup+of+me%2C+I%27ll+go+on+posing+for+them.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F2052%2FMarilyn_Monroe_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=48311&author=Thomas Carlyle"e=Skepticism+means%2C+not+intellectual+doubt+alone%2C+but+moral+doubt.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F111%2FThomas+Carlyle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=11328&author=Ralph Waldo Emerson"e=++There+is+this+benefit+in+brag%2C+that+the+speaker+is+unconsciously+expressing+his+own+ideal.+Humor+him+by+all+means%3B+draw+it+all+out%2C+and+hold+him+to+it.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F8029%2FRalph+Waldo+Emerson_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=29559&author=Robert Frost"e=++Skepticism%2C+is+that+anything+more+than+we+used+to+mean+when+we+said%2C+Well%2C+what+have+we+here%3F&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F387%2FRobert_Frost_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=57961&author=Carl Edward Sagan"e=Skeptical+scrutiny+is+the+means%2C+in+both+science+and+religion%2C+by+which+deep+insights+can+be+winnowed+from+deep+nonsense.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F5281%2FCarl+Edward+Sagan_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108346&author=John Searle"e=The+student+should+have+enough+knowledge+of+his+or+her+cultural+tradition+to+know+how+it+got+to+be+the+way+it+is.+This+involves+both+political+and+social+history%2C+on+the+one+hand%2C+as+well+as+the+mastery+of+some+of+the+great+philosophical+and+literary+texts+of+the+culture+on+the+other.+It+involves+reading+not+only+texts+that+are+of+great+value%2C+like+those+of+Plato%2C+but+many+less+valuable+that+have+been+influential%2C+such+as+the+works+of+Marx.+For+the+United+States%2C+the+dominant+tradition+is%2C+and+for+the+foreseeable+future%2C+will+remain+the+European+tradition.+The+United+States+is%2C+after+all%2C+a+product+of+the+European+Enlightenment.+However%2C+you+do+not+understand+your+own+tradition+if+you+do+not+see+it+in+relation+to+others.+Works+from+other+cultural+traditions+need+to+be+studied+as+well.&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108341&author=John Searle"e=It+seems+to+me+obvious+that+infants+and+many+animals+that+do+not+in+any+ordinary+sense+have+a+language+or+perform+speech+acts+nonetheless+have+Intentional+states.+Only+someone+in+the+grip+of+a+philosophical+theory+would+deny+that+small+babies+can+literally+be+said+to+want+milk+and+that+dogs+want+to+be+let+out+or+believe+that+their+master+is+at+the+door.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108332&author=John Searle"e=One+can+imagine+a+computer+simulation+of+the+action+of+peptides+in+the+hypothalamus+that+is+accurate+down+to+the+last+synapse.+But+equally+one+can+imagine+a+computer+simulation+of+the+oxidation+of+hydrocarbons+in+a+car+engine+or+the+action+of+digestive+processes+in+a+stomach+when+it+is+digesting+pizza.+And+the+simulation+is+no+more+the+real+thing+in+the+case+of+the+brain+than+it+is+in+the+case+of+the+car+or+the+stomach.+Barring+miracles%2C+you+could+not+run+your+car+by+doing+a+computer+simulation+of+the+oxidation+of+gasoline%2C+and+you+could+not+digest+pizza+by+running+the+program+that+simulates+such+digestion.+It+seems+obvious+that+a+simulation+of+cognition+will+similarly+not+produce+the+effects+of+the+neurobiology+of+cognition.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108333&author=John Searle"e=The+ascription+of+an+unconscious+intentional+phenomenon+to+a+system+implies+that+the+phenomenon+is+in+principle+accessible+to+consciousness.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108334&author=John Searle"e=Where+conscious+subjectivity+is+concerned%2C+there+is+no+distinction+between+the+observation+and+the+thing+observed.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108336&author=John Searle"e=Whatever+is+referred+to+must+exist.+Let+us+call+this+the+axiom+of+existence.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108337&author=John Searle"e=The+general+nature+of+the+speech+act+fallacy+can+be+stated+as+follows%2C+using+%E2%80%9Cgood%E2%80%9D+as+our+example.+Calling+something+good+is+characteristically+praising+or+commending+or+recommending+it%2C+etc.+But+it+is+a+fallacy+to+infer+from+this+that+the+meaning+of+%E2%80%9Cgood%E2%80%9D+is+explained+by+saying+it+is+used+to+perform+the+act+of+commendation.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}
![Powerpoint](http://www.iwise.com/downloadPPT.php?quote_id=108338&author=John Searle"e=The+assertion+fallacy+...+is+the+fallacy+of+confusing+the+conditions+for+the+performance+of+the+speech+act+of+assertion+with+the+analysis+of+the+meaning+of+particular+words+occurring+in+certain+assertions.%0A&image=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwise.com%2FauthorIcons%2F15012%2FJohn+Searle_64x64.png){kind=link}